Which literary movement is Nathaniel Hawthorne primarily associated with?

Nathaniel Hawthorne is primarily associated with Romanticism, a literary movement that emphasized emotion, individualism, and the exploration of nature and the human experience. Romanticism emerged in response to the industrial revolution and the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and logic.

Hawthorne's works often delve into themes of morality, sin, and the complexities of human emotions, traits that resonate with the Romantic focus on the inner workings of the mind and the importance of personal experience. His notable works, such as "The Scarlet Letter" and "The House of the Seven Gables," reflect the Romantic fascination with the past, particularly the Puritan heritage of New England, and the moral dilemmas faced by individuals.

This connection to Romanticism is further underscored by Hawthorne's use of symbolism and his exploration of the darker aspects of human nature, which aligns with the Romantic tendency to embrace both beauty and tragedy in life.