Which literary device is prominent in Voltaire's "Candide"?

In Voltaire's "Candide," the prominent literary device is ironic satire. Ironic satire is used extensively throughout the narrative to critique philosophy, society, and the human condition. Voltaire presents the absurdity of optimism, particularly through the character of Pangloss, whose unwavering belief in the idea that "all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds" stands in stark contrast to the harsh realities faced by Candide and other characters.

By employing irony, Voltaire is able to highlight the contradictions between the optimistic philosophy espoused by Pangloss and the tragic events that befall the characters. This juxtaposition creates a powerful critique of not just philosophical optimism but also social and political structures of the time. The humor in the irony also serves to engage readers while provoking thought, inviting them to question the viability of such optimistic beliefs in the face of life's suffering and misfortune.

The use of metaphor, foreshadowing, and allegory is present in the text, but they do not convey the same level of critique or thematic exploration that ironic satire does in "Candide." The richness of the satire reinforces Voltaire's message more effectively than those other literary devices.