What significant social issue does "To Kill a Mockingbird" address?

"To Kill a Mockingbird," written by Harper Lee, primarily addresses the significant social issue of racial inequality. The novel is set in the racially charged atmosphere of the Deep South during the 1930s and explores the pervasive racism that affects the community in which the characters live. Through the experiences of Scout Finch and her brother, Jem, the story delves into themes of injustice and moral growth, particularly illustrated by their father, Atticus Finch, who defends a black man, Tom Robinson, accused of raping a white woman.

The courtroom trial serves as a focal point for examining the ingrained prejudices and social hierarchies of that time. Lee uses her narrative to critique the failures of the justice system and highlight the impact of social inequalities on individuals and families. This examination of racial injustice not only reflects the historical context of the story but also invites readers to confront ongoing issues of racism in society. Such a profound exploration of racial dynamics is what solidifies "To Kill a Mockingbird" as a significant literary work addressing racial inequality.