What is the primary theme explored in Ethan Frome?

The primary theme explored in "Ethan Frome" is the consequences of jealousy and despair. The novel delves deeply into the emotional struggles of the characters, particularly Ethan, who is caught in a web of unfulfilled desires and societal expectations. His internal conflict is exacerbated by jealousy, stemming from his longing for Mattie Silver, which is intensified by his responsibilities to his wife, Zeena. This emotional turmoil drives the narrative and highlights how such feelings can lead to tragic outcomes.

Wharton effectively portrays the oppressive nature of Ethan's environment, illustrating how his despair leads to a sense of entrapment, both literally in his rural setting and emotionally in his relationships. The pervasive sense of hopelessness and the longing for a better life reflect the broader human conditions of jealousy and despair, making this theme central to the story. The setting amplifies these themes, as the bleakness of Starkfield mirrors the characters' emotional states.