What did Nietzsche criticize as a "slave morality"?

Friedrich Nietzsche critiqued Christianity as embodying what he termed "slave morality." This concept refers to a set of values that arise from the resentment of those who are powerless or oppressed, promoting virtues such as humility, meekness, and self-denial. Nietzsche argued that this type of morality arose as a reaction to the dominance of the "noble morality," which values strength, power, and nobility. In his view, slave morality flips traditional values on their head, deeming the strong and powerful as immoral while elevating the weak and submissive.

Nietzsche believed that Christian teachings emphasized the virtues of suffering and humility, which he saw as detrimental to the flourishing of individual potential and creativity. Instead, he championed the idea of the "Übermensch" or "overman," who transcends these imposed moralities and creates their own values based on life-affirming qualities. This perspective underscores his broader critique of societal norms established by religious institutions.

The other options do not encapsulate Nietzsche's specific critique in terms of "slave morality." While he had opinions on capitalism, existentialism, and rationalism, none of these frameworks directly align with his notion of slave morality like Christianity does.