In "The Scarlet Letter," what does the scarlet letter "A" symbolize?

In "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the scarlet letter "A" primarily symbolizes guilt and shame, particularly in relation to the character Hester Prynne. After Hester is publicly condemned for committing adultery and bearing an illegitimate child, she is required to wear the letter "A" on her clothing as a mark of her sin. Initially, this mark represents her shame and the societal judgment she endures. Throughout the novel, the meaning of the letter evolves, as it begins to embody Hester's strength and resilience, but its origin is rooted deeply in the guilt and societal scorn associated with her actions.

The other options reflect themes that do not align with the core implications of the scarlet letter. While acceptance by society could be viewed through Hester's gradual transformation and the community's changing perception of her capabilities, it does not capture the letter's immediate function as a symbol of wrongdoing. Wealth and prosperity, as well as joy and success, are not associated with Hester's experience; rather, they contrast sharply with her struggles and the penalties imposed upon her for her transgressions. Thus, the scarlet letter "A" serves as a powerful emblem of guilt and shame throughout the narrative.