How did Boris Pasternak's "Dr. Zhivago" challenge the Soviet regime?

Boris Pasternak's "Dr. Zhivago" serves as a profound exploration of individual freedom, particularly in the context of the repressive environment of the Soviet regime. The novel presents the tumultuous experiences of its protagonist, Yuri Zhivago, who struggles to maintain his personal identity and freedom amidst the chaos of the Russian Revolution and its aftermath. Pasternak emphasizes the importance of individual consciousness and personal relationships over the collective ideologies promoted by the state.

Through the prism of Yuri’s life, a narrative emerges that questions the sacrifices demanded by the government in the name of ideology. The characters often find themselves at odds with the overarching political structure, highlighting the tension between individual desires and state control. This portrayal of the human experience under autocratic rule subtly critiques the lack of individual liberties in the Soviet context, advocating for the dignity and autonomy of the personal self.

In contrast, the other options either misrepresent the themes in "Dr. Zhivago" or align too closely with the Soviet government's ideals. The novel does not glorify Lenin or promote Communist ideals; rather, it showcases the struggles against such totalitarian narratives. Additionally, while it may touch on aspects of capitalism, the primary focus remains on individual freedom rather than a direct